Impact of Photoactivated Curcumin on Proliferation of Experimentally Induced Periodontitis and Diabetic Gingival Fibroblast Cell Line

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ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the impact of photoactivated curcumin on proliferation of experimentally induced periodontitis and diabetic gingival fibroblast in laboratory settings. Materials and Methods: Gingival fibroblast (GF) cells were divided into healthy GF (HGF), diabetic GF (DGF), and periodontitis-associated diabetic GF (P-DGF) cells that were treated with a solution of curcumin that was prepared and diluted in autoclave distilled water to obtain a concentration used (1 mg/ml). Gingival fibroblasts with curcumin and without curcumin were seeded in a 96-well plate that was treated with a light-emitting diode curing light with a wavelength of 445 nm using a transparent diffuser tip. All healthy (HGF) as well as diseased (DGF and P-DGF) gingival fibroblasts were thus treated with curcumin (c-only), photoactivation (p-only), and both photoactivated curcumin (pc-both) and were then histologically analyzed for evaluation of cell proliferation and viability of fibroblasts. The number of proliferated cells/proliferative values were calculated by relative fluorescence values displayed by a fluorimeter. The number of viable cells (%viability) correlates with the magnitude of dye reduction and expressed as percentage of Alamar-Blue reduction. Results: HGF group treated with p-alone, c-alone, and pc-both showed a significant increase in the fluorescence value and proliferation in the cells at 24 to 48 and 48 to 72 h, whereas for the DGF group, there was a statistically significant increase in the fluorescence value and proliferation when treated with p-alone from 24 to 72 h, with a significant decrease in the proliferation of the cells when treated with c-alone and pc-both at 24 to 48 h and 48 to 72 h. For the P-DGF group, a significant decrease in the fluorescence value and proliferation was observed when the cells were treated with p-alone and c-alone at 24 to 72 h. Conclusion: Photoactivation (p-alone) was the most efficient in depicting a highly significant increase in the percentage viability for the group P-DGF and DGF at 24 h, whereas a significant increase in the fluorescence value and proliferation was observed for the group P-DGF when treated with photoactivated curcumin (pc-both) from 24 to 72 h.