Impact of Palm Oil versus Other Oils on Weight Changes: A Systematic Review

Nor Asiah Muhamad,Murnilina Abdul Malek,Normi Mustapha,Mohd Farid Baharin,Shahnaz Murad,Fatimah Othman,Mohd Hatta Abdul Mutalip,Tahir Tahir Aris,Ruhaya Salleh,Nor Azian Mohd Zaki

doi:10.4236/fns.2018.97068

Abstract

Objective: The present review aimed to determine the effect of palm oil versus other oils on changes in body weight or Body Mass Index (BMI). Design: A systematic review was conducted. Studies were identified by database searching (EMBASE, PUBMED, CENTRAL, SCOPUS, PROQUEST, Web of Science [ISI Web of Knowledge], Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Library (CINAHL Plus), LILAC and ClinicalTrials.gov. Searching, selecting and reporting were done according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) Statement. Setting: Palm oil vs other oils intervention study on weight or BMI changes. Subjects: Individuals participating in palm oil vs other oil intervention study. Results: A total of 182 studies were screened for eligibility, five studies were finally included. Three studies compared the effect of palm oil vs sunflower oil on weight changes and BMI. One study examined the effect of hybrid palm oil vs extra virgin olive oil on weight changes. The last study examined the effect of palm oil vs olive oil vs lard on weight changes. Out of 292 participants in five studies, only one study (Iggman, 2014) had a low risk of bias. In this study, there was no significant difference between the group that received sunflower oil and palm oil (SMD: 0.04, 95% CI: -0.59 to 0.66). Other four studies had unclear risk of bias. Conclusions: Based on the review, there is insufficient evidence to suggest the impact of palm oil intake on weight changes or BMI.

Highlights

Based on the review, there is insufficient evidence to suggest the impact of palm oil intake on weight changes or BMI
Evidences have shown the effect of increase in body weight or BMI are associated with the risk of chronic diseases such cardio vascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, stroke, and some type of cancers [6] [7] [8]
This review aims at synthesising the available evidence reporting the effect of palm oil consumption with weight changes or BMI including obesity or any other anthropometric measurements

Summary

Introduction

Obesity is defined as a condition of excess adiposity and physiological state occurs in chronic imbalance of whole-body energy metabolism that caloric intake exceeding the energy expenditure [3]. Global Health Observatory Data by WHO recorded a doubling in the prevalence of obesity from 1980-2014 where in 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults aged 18 years and older were overweight, out of which over 600 million adults were obese [4]. Report from Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) shows an increasing trend in the percentage of overweight and obese individuals in the country from 1996 to 2002-2003 where the prevalence of obesity was more than doubled and that the number of adults overweight increased more than 60% [9]. Studies have shown a strong positive association between saturated fat intake and the development of obesity and CVD [7] [8] [11]

Results

Discussion

Conclusion