Impact of osteoporosis on overall survival following endovascular repair for abdominal aortic aneurysms

Abstract

To evaluate the impact of osteoporosis on overall survival following endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study on 172 patients who had undergone primary EVAR for AAA between 2016 and 2018. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed by measuring the Hounsfield units (HUs) of the 11th thoracic vertebra on preoperative computed tomography; a BMD value of <110 HU was considered osteoporosis. All patients were divided into those with osteoporosis and those without osteoporosis, and long-term outcomes were compared. In addition, hazard ratios of each variable for all-cause mortality were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis. All 172 patients were divided into two groups: 72 patients (41.9%) with osteoporosis and 100 patients (58.1%) without osteoporosis. The mean age was higher and mean BMD was lower in osteoporosis patients than non-osteoporosis patients (mean ± standard deviation [SD], 79.2 ± 7.2 vs. 75.0 ± 8.7 years, respectively; P < 0.05; 78.1 ± 26.7 vs. 155.1 ± 36.3 HU, respectively; P < 0.05). During the median follow-up period of 68 months, overall survival was significantly lower in osteoporosis patients than non-osteoporosis patients (osteoporosis: 63.9% and 36.7% at 5 years and 7 years; non-osteoporosis: 83.8% and 74.6% at 5 years and 7 years, respectively; log-rank P < 0.05); freedom from aneurysm-related mortality did not differ significantly between groups (osteoporosis: 94.3% and 89.0% at 5 years and 7 years; non-osteoporosis: 100.0% and 96.7% at 5 years and 7 years, respectively; log-rank P = 0.078). In a multivariate analysis for overall survival following EVAR, coexistence of osteoporosis was found to be an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.76, 95% confidence interval, 1.01-3.06; P < 0.05), as well as variables including age, statin use, sarcopenia, and aneurysm diameter. Patients with osteoporosis showed a higher all-cause mortality following EVAR than patients without osteoporosis. We believe that comorbidity of osteoporosis may be useful in estimating the life expectancy of patients with AAA.