Abstract
Abstract Optimisation models have been extensively used for finding optimal configuration and operation of distributed energy technologies. The main objective in most of these models is to find the optimal configuration of distributed energy technologies that will meet a certain energy demand with the least cost and emissions. Local grid constraints are not considered in the optimisation of distributed energy resources in most of these models. This implies that some optimal solutions from these models may not be possible to integrate due to a violation of steady state voltage and thermal limits which are important to Distribution Network Operators (DNO). In some cases, where a joint optimisation approach is utilised and local grid constraints are considered, it becomes computationally complex due to the nonlinear nature of Alternating Current (AC) power flow equations for electricity networks. In this paper, the impact of optimised Distributed Energy Resources (DER) on a modelled microgrid was evaluated with an AC time series power flow using a soft-linking method. The soft-linking method avoids the computationally complex nature of joint optimisation methods. Different scenarios of the optimised DER were simulated and evaluated based on voltage excursions and energy losses. The results provide insights into the impact of local grid constraints on the adoption of different scenarios of optimised DER.
Highlights
In this paper, the term Distributed Energy Resources (DER) is often used interchangeably with Distributed Generation (DG) [1]
This paper extends the concept of optimal investment decisions for the adoption of DER to consider local grid constraints while avoiding computationally complex joint optimisation approaches
All power generated onsite in scenarios 2 to 5 was constrained to be consumed onsite, while in scenarios 6 to 8, the PV generation export is enabled to evaluate the impact of net power flows on the local distribution network
Summary
The term DER is often used interchangeably with Distributed Generation (DG) [1]. A soft-linking method to evaluate the impact (in terms of voltage profiles and energy losses) of optimised DER on a modelled microgrid using a time series power flow is presented. The soft-linking method is realised by simulating the optimised DER system schedules (with different investment scenarios) in a times series power flow and evaluating the impact of each scenario in terms of voltage profiles and energy losses. Two main case studies are developed for a mid-rise apartment They correspond to finding optimal investment decisions for the adoption of DER in DER-CAM and the impact of their optimised schedules on a modelled microgrid.
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