Power Flow Visualization in DER-Rich Low Voltage Networks

Abstract

Low voltage distribution networks (DNs) with high penetrations of distributed energy resources (DERs) variable not only in time, but also in location, introduce spatial analysis requirements for distribution network operators (DNOs) to understand what is happening in the network at every moment. In this paper a geographic information system (GIS) is proposed to visualize the dynamic trace of power flows through the network, providing illustrative results helpful for DNs operation. Three different layouts have been designed to make visualization convenient and facilitate analysis of complex multi-directional-flow low voltage distribution networks: power from a particular generator, sources feeding a given load and DNO perspective representing all power traces from all generators. Two open-source software packages: OpenDSS and QGIS are combined to perform the time series power flow calculations, trace the power flows and display the results in a GIS. The methodology for power flow tracing in low voltage DNs with high penetrations of DERs is presented. A case study over a real network in Canary Islands (Spain), with real hourly profiles obtained from smart meter records, and with two photovoltaic generators connected at different locations demonstrated a clear spatial and time understanding of the power flows from DERS to loads through the circuit. The tool eases foresight and will help prevention against constraints violations in the network. Power flow trace visualization is relevant for transparent engagement of prosumers via peer to peer transactions.