Impact of Nitrogen Fertilization of Pastures and Turfgrasses on Water Quality

Abstract

Nitrogen is the most limiting nutrient for plant growth in most of the world’s agricultural soils, and hence, crop production worldwide relies heavily on inputs of N from organic or inorganic sources. Nitrogen fertilization is one of the most important management practices in turfgrass production and maintenance. Turfgrasses are established for several purposes including aesthetics, soil stabilization and recreation. Nitrogen fertilizers are applied to pastures and turfgrasses to correct deficiencies, increase the nutrition levels, maintain soil fertility conditions and improve crop vigor, yield, and quality. Water contamination from animal agriculture may result from livestock production on pastureland, animals’ confinement facilities and waste disposal areas. The impact of agricultural intensification and fertilizer inputs on stream water quality were examined at different catchments in areas of mixed land use. Nitrate leaching to ground water can be reduced by applying just enough fertilizer to meet yield goals, timing the application and the use of nitrification inhibitors and slow-release fertilizers.