Abstract
Although infections are a significant potential complication among patients undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation, standardized surgical infection prophylaxis (SIP) regimens are not well defined. At Montefiore Medical Center, a 4-drug SIP regimen containing fluconazole, ciprofloxacin, rifampin, and vancomycin was previously utilized. In January 2020, the antimicrobial stewardship program implemented a 2-drug SIP regimen of vancomycin and cefazolin to limit exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics. This study evaluated LVAD-associated infection rates prior to and following the SIP revision. A retrospective review of patients who underwent LVAD implantation from 1/2018 to 4/2021 was performed. Infections were classified using the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation definitions. Infection rates at 2weeks, 30 days, and 90 days post-implantation in the 4-drug SIP regimen (1/2018-12/2019) and the 2-drug SIP regimen (1/2020 to 4/2021) were compared. A total of 71 patients were included. The number of patients with LVAD-associated infections (including surgical site infections) was not significantly different in either SIP group at 2weeks (9%vs. 4%, p=.64), 30 days (9%vs. 11%, p=.99), or 90 days (19%vs. 14%, p=.75). There was no statistically significant difference in 30 or 90-day mortality. LVAD-associated gram-negative (7%vs. 7%; p>.99) and fungal (5%vs. 0%; p=.51) infections were uncommon. The most common organism isolated was Staphylococcus aureus, and the most common type of infection was pneumonia in both SIP groups. No significant difference in LVAD-associated infections or infection-related mortality was observed with de-escalation of perioperative antibiotics. Additional studies with larger sample sizes are needed to endorse the findings of this study.
Published Version
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