Impact of MEPS Policies on Carbon Emissions: A Comparative Study of China and the United States

Abstract

This comparative analysis evaluates the impact of MEPS policies on carbon emissions in China and the United States, two of the world's largest carbon emitters. The analysis provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders in energy efficiency and carbon reduction. It reveals that both nations have achieved significant carbon emission reductions through the implementation of MEPS policies, particularly in the residential and non-resource-based sectors. However, the study also uncovers stark differences in policy implementation, targeted sectors, and enforcement mechanisms between the two countries. In the United States, the mature market for energy-efficient technologies and robust policy enforcement mechanisms have amplified the impact of MEPS. In contrast, China's heavy reliance on coal and regional disparities in energy efficiency present unique challenges to the implementation and impact of MEPS policies. Despite these challenges, China has made substantial progress, particularly in the construction sector and in provinces outside resource-based regions. The study concludes with recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of MEPS policies, including improving policy design, strengthening enforcement, expanding coverage to additional sectors, and addressing regional disparities. It underscores the need for continued research and international collaboration to drive further progress in carbon emission reduction.