Abstract
• A diff-in-diff model estimates the effect of London traffic policies on NO 2 levels. • Toxicity Charge (TC) and Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) improve air quality. • These two traffic policies reduce NO 2 in the city centre and, also, in nearby areas. • No border effects due to the TC or the ULEZ are observed. • Ultra Low Emission Zone leads to larger cuts in NO 2 levels than Toxicity Charge. • These policies need to be enhanced since some stations are above recommended limits.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
