Impact of lockdown during COVID-19 on glycaemic control in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus following at diabetes clinic, Omdurman, Sudan.

Abstract

Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a novel pandemic disease. There have been many challenges for diabetic patients, which might have resulted in an increased risk of complications and significant lifestyle changes, including physical inactivity and psychological distress. This study evaluated the effects of lockdown on paediatric patients with type 1 diabetic mellitus (T1DM) in terms of acute metabolic complications and psychological deterioration. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2020 and February 2021 at Mohammed Alamin Hamid Diabetic Clinic, Omdurman, Sudan. Data was collected from direct interviews with patients and their caregivers. Out of 208 children with T1DM aged from 1-18 years, 48.1% had persistent hyperglycaemia, and 20.6% had hypoglycaemia. Insulin doses were missed in 20.2% of them, glucose monitoring was not done in 28.8%, and 20.6% reported decreased physical activity during the lockdown. Mean HbA1c levels were the same in pre and post-lockdown periods. There was an insignificant relationship between physical activity, dietary changes, and glycaemic control (p values = 0.519 and 0.146, respectively). On the other hand, there was a significant weak positive correlation between psychological and behavioural disorders such as aggression, anxiety, isolation, and glycaemic control (p-value = 0.032, 0.002, and <0.0001; r = 0.115, 0.135, and 0.169, respectively). The negative impact of the COVID-19 lockdown found on blood glucose measures and psychological status may correlate with glucose monitoring equipment shortage, lifestyle changes, and mood deterioration.