From multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) to secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) a series of misfortunate events: case report and review of literature

Abstract

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome of Childhood (MIS-C) is a recently described entity in pediatrics post COVID-19 pandemic. While Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a clinical syndrome caused by an unregulated proliferation of macrophages as well as T lymphocytes. Both entities can be considered overlapping, although distinct criteria for each can be found through the literature. Herein, we report a patient with MIS-C post COVID-19 infection, complicated with HLH secondary to Plasmodium falciparum malaria from blood transfusion.