IMPACT OF LENGTH INDEXING OF DEFORMATION IN ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF RIGHT VENTRICULAR FUNCTION.

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When assessing right ventricular (RV) function by echocardiography, some discordance between the deformational indices is predicted based on the influence of RV length. RV free wall longitudinal strain (RVFWS) is relatively independent of RV length, whereas tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) reflects the strain-length product. Systolic annular velocity (s') (distance over time) is also likely to be influenced by length. We hypothesized that indexing TAPSE and s' to RV length would lead to better congruency with RVFWS. Two separate cohorts were identified from retrospective data: (a) subjects with normal cardiac function (n=75), and (b) a cohort with high likelihood for potential RV dysfunction determined by the study indication of either pulmonary hypertension or pulmonary embolism (n=50). RV functional indices of TAPSE, RV s', RVFWS, and fractional area change (FAC) were verified and re-measured by an expert. Correlations and concordance maps between RVFWS and either TAPSE or RV s' were made with and without indexing the latter measurements to RV length. Predictive accuracy for detecting abnormal RVFWS were made with receiving operator characteristics (ROC) analysis. In normal subjects, indexing either TAPSE or RV s' to RV length led to an improvement in the correlation coefficient (0.59 to 0.68 for TAPSE; 0.41 to 0.58 for RV s') and the variance (F-statistic 64.9 to 105.3 for TAPSE; 24.7 to 63.9 for RV s') for correlations with RVFWS. In all subjects, categorical concordance with RVFWS was improved by indexing TAPSE and s' to RV length primarily because of correction of underperformance to detect abnormal RVFW in subjects with long RV length, and better discrimination as normal for subjects with short RV length. Indexing to RV length improved the C-statistic for detecting abnormal RVFWS for both TAPSE (0.80 vs 0.87, p=0.03) and RV s' (0.65 vs 0.77, p=0.002). Indexing TAPSE and RV s' to RV length improves concordance of these deformational measurements with RVFWS, and their ability to classify those with RV dysfunction according to RVFWS. Indexing TAPSE and RV s' to length is particularly impactful for interpreting paradoxical information such as low TAPSE and s' in normal patients with short RV length, or those with increased RV length who have normal TAPSE and s' values but other evidence for RV dysfunction.