Impact of Land Use Type on the Stability and Organic Carbon Content of Soil Aggregates in the Weibei Dryland

Abstract

Soil aggregates are important indicators of soil quality and sustainable land utilization, and impact the retention abilities of water and fertilizers and the release of nutrients in soil. This study aimed to understand the effects of two land use types (an orchard and farmland) on the distribution, stability, and organic carbon content of soil aggregates, and provides a theoretical basis for the optimal management of the soil carbon pool in the Weibei Dryland of the Loess Plateau. We examined the soils from an orchard and from farmland by simultaneous sampling and wet sieving; the proportions of large macroaggregates (>2 mm), small macroaggregates (0.25-2 mm), microaggregates (0.053-0.25 mm), and silt and clay (<0.053 mm) were then determined; the content of organic carbon in each aggregate fraction at soil depths of 0-40 cm were also measured, and the total organic carbon content of all aggregates fractions was determined for each soil. The results showed that the type of agricultural land use had a significant effect on the distribution and stability of soil aggregates in the 0-20 cm soil layer, with the relative proportions of the different sized aggregates (>2, 0.25-2, 0.053-0.25, and<0.053 mm) being 12.9%, 51.3%, 28.8%, and 7.0% in the orchards, respectively, and 8.3%, 49.7%, 33.6%, and 8.4% on the farmland, respectively. The proportion of macro-aggregates (>0.25 mm) was significantly higher in the orchard soils than in the farmland soils. Mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) are important indicators of the soil aggregate stability; the MWD and GWD of the farmland soils were significantly lower than the orchard soils in the 0-40 cm depth zone (P<0.05). The effects of different land use types on the organic carbon content of soil aggregates was most marked in the 0-10 cm layer. Compared with farmland, the organic carbon content in the large aggregates, intermediate aggregates, micro-aggregates, and the silt and clay fraction of orchard soils were relatively increased by 56.0% (P<0.05), 57.1% (P<0.05), 40.8% (P>0.05), and 13.0% (P>0.05), respectively. Organic carbon storage in each aggregate class (excluding the<0.053 mm fraction) in the orchard soils was higher than in the farmland soils. In the orchard soils, the proportion of soil macro-aggregates (>0.25 mm) and the associated organic carbon content was elevated, damage to aggregates was reduced, and the organic carbon stability was enhanced. In general, the soil aggregate stability and organic carbon content of orchard soils were higher than for the farmland soils. Orchards appear to enhance the physical stability of aggregates with respect to soil organic carbon, contribute to soil organic carbon accumulation, and thus promote soil carbon sequestration.