Abstract
Battery electric vehicle (BEV) sales have significantly increased in recent years. They have different energy consumption patterns compared to the fuel consumption patterns of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). This study quantified the impact of intersection control approaches—roundabout, traffic signal, and two-way stop controls—on BEVs’ energy consumption. The paper systematically investigates BEVs’ energy consumption patterns compared to the fuel consumption of ICEVs. The results indicate that BEVs’ energy consumption patterns are significantly different than ICEVs’ patterns. For example, for BEVs approaching a high-speed intersection, the roundabout was found to be the most energy-efficient intersection control, while the two-way stop sign was the least efficient. In contrast, for ICEVs, the two-way stop sign was the most fuel-efficient control, while the roundabout was the least efficient. Findings also indicate that the energy saving of traffic signal coordination was less significant for BEVs compared to the fuel consumption of ICEVs since more regenerative energy is produced when partial or poorly coordinated signal plans are implemented. The study confirms that BEV regenerative energy is a major factor in energy efficiency, and that BEVs recover different amounts of energy in different urban driving environments. The study suggests that new transportation facilities and control strategies should be designed to enhance BEVs’ energy efficiency, particularly in zero emission zones.
Highlights
The objective of this study is to quantify battery electric vehicles’ (BEVs’) energy consumption for different intersection control types, including a roundabout, a traffic signal, and a two-way stop sign using a microscopic traffic simulation model
The fuel consumption of internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) increased by 126% and 79% when the stop‐sign‐controlled intersection was replaced with a roundabout and a signalized intersection, respectively
Thesecond‐by‐second second-by-second speed speed poorly coordinated) energy/fuel profiles of from a traffic simulation model, andand the speed profiles were profiles of individual individualvehicles vehicleswere werederived derived from a traffic simulation model, the speed profiles utilized as inputs to estimate fuel consumption and energy consumption using microscopic were utilized as inputs to estimate ICEV fuel consumption and BEV energy consumption using fuel consumption and energy models
Summary
The objective of this study is to quantify battery electric vehicles’ (BEVs’) energy consumption for different intersection control types, including a roundabout, a traffic signal, and a two-way stop sign using a microscopic traffic simulation model. The findings of this study can be used in developing vehicle-specific routing strategies that favor or avoid specific types of intersections depending on the vehicle technology. The market penetration rate of BEVs has significantly increased in recent years. The International Energy Agency reported that in 2018, 1.98 million BEVs were sold worldwide [1]. During the first 6 months of 2019, global sales of BEVs increased by 92% [2]. Compared to ICEVs, BEVs have significant benefits, including low maintenance costs, zero emissions, energy savings, and the ability to use electricity generated from renewable resources
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