Impact of internal pre-damage due to drying shrinkage under various humidity conditions on DEF expansion in cement paste and mortar

Abstract

This study explores the impact of internal pre-damage from early drying shrinkage on the delayed ettringite formation (DEF) expansion behavior of cement-based materials subjected to high-temperature processes. Specimens of cement paste and mortar with water-cement (W/C) ratios of 0.4, 0.5, and 0.6 were characterized after curing under relative humidity (RH) conditions of 50, 70, and 100 for 56 days. The parameters assessed were drying shrinkage, dynamic elastic modulus, and free water content. Subsequent DEF expansion over time was quantified, and the underlying mechanism was analyzed using XRD and SEM techniques after 270 days of underwater curing. Results indicate that: (1) a lack of adequate early curing humidity significantly reduces the dynamic elastic modulus with more than a 10% drop in cement paste following 56 days at RH50; (2) a higher W/C ratio and lower early curing humidity lead to more internal damage due to shrinkage, thereby promoting DEF expansion; (3) drying intensifies internal pre-damage in the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), causing an earlier deterioration of DEF expansion in mortar compared to cement paste. However, the presence of aggregates constrains this, leading to lesser DEF expansion in mortar; (4) dynamic elastic modulus changes as measured by ultrasonic methods can quantitatively characterize the extent of deterioration caused by DEF expansion, thus offering a tool for non-destructive testing and DEF expansion deterioration analysis.