Impact of inflammatory markers on the relationship between sleep quality and diabetic kidney disease.

Abstract

Both poor sleep and diabetic kidney disease are closely associated with inflammation. However, the correlation between poor sleep and diabetic kidney disease has not been wellclarified. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the mediating role that inflammatory markers play in the pathogenic effectof poor sleep on the severity of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 336 patients withtype 2 diabetes (T2D). DKD was diagnosed according to the guidelines of the National Kidney Foundation-Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative (NKF-K/DOQI). The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score was applied to assess patients for the quality of their sleep. Patients with a PSQIscore of more than 5 were assigned to the poor sleep group, and the rest of the patients were assigned to the good sleep group. Circulating levels of six inflammatory biomarkers related to poor sleep and DKD were measured. The prevalence of DKD was higher in patients with poor sleepquality than in those with good sleepquality (42% vs. 25%, P = 0.002). After adjustment, poor sleepquality (PSQI score OR 1.075 [95%CI 1.018-1.135], P = 0.009) remained independently associated with DKD. PSQI score was found to be positively related to fibroblast growth factor (FGF23), interleukin 6 (IL-6), P-selectin, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) (P < 0.01), rather than fibrinogen and C-reactive protein (CRP) in linear regression models. As revealed by multiple mediation analysis, FGF23 and IL-6 mediated 26% and 23% of the relationship between PSQI score and urinary microalbumin (UMA), respectively. Similarly, the FGF23 and ICAM-1, instead of IL-6 and P-selectin, mediated 32% and 24% of the association between PSQI and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), respectively. Poor sleepquality is independently associated with DKD. These results suggest that inflammatory markers contribute to a pathogenic connection between poor sleep and DKD.