Impact of increased pre-start diet density on broiler chick behavior, corticosterone levels, and performance responses under cold stress during early life

Abstract

This study assessed the effects of increased pre-start diet density on the metabolism, crop filling, and overall performance of broilers under cold stress during their initial 14 days of life. Using 576 one-day-old Cobb500 male chicks from 27-week-old breeders, the experiment employed a 2 × 2 arrangement, varying thermal conditions (thermoneutrality or cold stress at 18°C for 8 hours) and pre-start diet composition (21.5% crude protein, 2,970 kcal/kg or 22.5%, 3,050 kcal/kg). The cold stress group exhibited lower cloacal temperature and decreased crop filling rate during the first two days (P < 0.05). Chick behavior was significantly affected at 1 and 5 days (P < 0.05), and corticosterone levels in serum were higher for the cold stress group at 7 days (P < 0.05). Feed intake at 7 days was lower in the high-density feed group (P < 0.05). No significant interactions were observed for feed intake, body weight gain, or feed conversion ratio at 7 and 35 days (P > 0.05). Cold stress resulted in performance losses, impacting feed conversion and the Productive Efficiency Index. The dense diet influenced performance only within the first week, with subsequent diets showing no effect, suggesting dietary manipulation alone was insufficient to mitigate cold stress-induced losses.