Abstract
Simple SummaryThe literature suggests that strenuous exercise and exposure to high temperatures may cause physiologic proteinuria, but there are no available data showing the effect of high temperature on the occurrence of post-exercise albuminuria in dogs. The goal of the present study was to assess impact of high temperature on the occurrence of albuminuria. A period of about 30–40 min of intensive exercise at high temperatures did not lead to increased albuminuria. This suggests that there is no need to limit physical activity before urine tests in dogs, even at high temperatures, before a urinalysis. The literature suggests that strenuous exercise and exposure to high temperatures may cause physiologic proteinuria, but to our knowledge there have been no studies that have assessed the effect of high temperatures on the occurrence of post-exercise albuminuria in dogs. The goal of the study was to assess the impact of high temperatures on the occurrence of albuminuria. Thirteen healthy adult dogs—eight female (62%) and five male (38%) had to run 5 km at a temperature of 25 °C in grasslands which took about 30–40 min. Dogs underwent clinical examinations: echocardiography, abdominal ultrasound, blood hematology and biochemistry and urinalysis, including the ratio of albumin to creatinine (UAC). Baseline UAC was on the borderline of statistical significance for female dogs, but not for male dogs, before and after exercise. UAC was 0.31 ± 0.56 mg/mmol for female dogs and 0.36 ± 0.60 mg/mmol in male dogs before exercise. Immediately after exercise, UAC was 0.51 ± 0.58 mg/mmol in female dogs and 0.31 ± 0.40 mg/mmol in male dogs. Thus, a period of about 30–40 min of intensive exercise at high temperatures (25 °C) did not lead to increased albuminuria. This suggests that there is no need to limit the movement activity before urine tests in dogs, even at high temperatures, before urinalysis.
Highlights
Urinalysis (UA) was the first laboratory test performed in medicine and has been used for several thousand years [1]
Our research showed that healthy dogs subjected to 30–40 min physical activity, even at high outdoor temperatures, do not develop albuminuria
Results obtained in the present study, showing comparable values of urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UAC) before and after exercise in training dogs, are contradictory to the data obtained from research on human subjects, which demonstrated that in order to obtain a reliable urinalysis result, people should not do strenuous exercises 24 h before the test, especially at high temperatures
Summary
Urinalysis (UA) was the first laboratory test performed in medicine and has been used for several thousand years [1]. One of the most important parameters evaluated in UA is the detection of protein in urine, including albumins, globulins and Bence Jones proteins. Proteinuria of renal origin results from two major mechanisms: the first is a loss of selective glomerular filtration as a result of podocyte. Animals 2020, 10, 1988 loss (with a negatively charged sialoglycoprotein coat that contributes to the charge selectivity of the filtration barrier) leading to increased amounts of plasma protein in the filtrate (urine). The second is an impaired resorption of the filtered protein [2,3]. Albumin is the predominant protein in canine and feline urine in both healthy and renal disease subjects [4]. The urine of healthy dogs contains
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