Impact of high-grain diet feeding on mucosa-associated bacterial community and gene expression of tight junction proteins in the small intestine of goats.

Junhua Liu,Chunxu Xue,Shengyong Mao,Daming Sun,Weiyun Zhu

doi:10.1002/mbo3.745

Junhua Liu, Chunxu Xue + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.745

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Journal: MicrobiologyOpen	Publication Date: Oct 24, 2018
Citations: 19	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Nanjing Agricultural University

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of a high‐grain (HG) diet on the microbial fermentation, the composition of the mucosa‐associated bacterial microbiota, and the gene expression of tight junction proteins in the small intestine of goats. In the present study, we randomly assigned 10 male goats to either a hay diet (n = 5) or a HG diet (56.5% grain; n = 5) and then examined changes in the bacterial community using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and the expression of tight junction proteins using qRT‐PCR in the mucosa of the small intestine. The results showed that HG diet decreased the luminal pH (p = 0.005) and increased the lipopolysaccharide content (p < 0.001) in the digesta of the ileum, and it increased the concentration of total volatile fatty acids in the digesta of the jejunum (p = 0.015) and ileum (p = 0.007) compared with the hay diet. MiSeq sequencing results indicated that the HG diet increased (FDR = 0.007–0.028) the percentage of the genera Stenotrophomonas, Moraxella, Lactobacillus, and Prevotella in jejunal mucosa but decreased (FDR = 0.016) the abundance of Christensenellaceae R7 group in the ileal mucosa compared with the hay diet. Furthermore, the HG diet caused downregulation of the mRNA expression of claudin‐4, occludin, and ZO‐1 in jejunal and ileal mucosa (p < 0.05). Collectively, our data suggested that the HG diet induced changes in the relative abundance of some mucosa‐associated bacteria, in addition to downregulation of the mRNA expression of tight junction proteins in the small intestine. These findings provide new insights into the adaptation response of the small intestine to HG feeding in ruminants.

Highlights

To increase the growth rates or milk yields, goats or dairy cattle are often fed high‐grain (HG) diet in commercial ruminant produc‐ tion system (Plaizier, Krause, Gozho, & McBride, 2008)
We found that the HG diet increased the total VFA (TVFA), propionate, and butyrate con‐ centration in digesta of the jejunum and ileum
These results were consistent with the findings of our previous study (Mao et al, 2013), which showed that, compared with 0% corn diet feeding, 50% corn diet feeding increased the levels of acetate, butyrate, and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the ileum digesta of goats

Summary

| INTRODUCTION

Which can depress feed intake and fiber digestion, negatively affect the health of ruminants, as well as alter milk composition and meat quality (Plaizier et al, 2008). When ruminants are fed a HG diet, excessive undigested starch or VFA flows from the rumen into the small intestine (Moharrery, Larsen, & Weisbjerg, 2014), which may induce imbalance of bacterial commu‐ nities (Russell & Rychlik, 2001) in the small intestine This imbalance can cause enterotoxaemia, leading to sudden death of animal (Glock & DeGroot, 1998; Russell & Rychlik, 2001). Little information is available on changes in the composition and diversity of the mucosa‐associated microbiota and mucosal health in the small intestine of ruminants fed a HG diet. We evaluated the impact of HG diets on the mRNA expression of muco‐ sal tight junction proteins of the jejunum and ileum in goats These findings will be important for better understanding of composition of mucosa‐associated microbiota in the small intestine and how HG feeding affects the mucosal health of entire gastrointestine of the ruminants

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| DISCUSSION

Findings

CONFLICT OF INTEREST