Abstract
Chlorogenic acid, a natural phenolic acid present in fruits and plants, provides beneficial effects for human health. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether chlorogenic acid (CHA) could improve the intestinal barrier integrity for weaned rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Thirty-two weaned male Sprague Dawley rats (21±1 d of age; 62.26±2.73 g) were selected and randomly allotted to four treatments, including weaned rat control, LPS-challenged and chlorogenic acid (CHA) supplemented group (orally 20 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg body). Dietary supplementation with CHA decreased (P<0.05) the concentrations of urea and albumin in the serum, compared to the LPS-challenged group. The levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α were lower (P<0.05) in the jejunal and colon of weaned rats receiving CHA supplementation, in comparison with the control group. CHA supplementation increased (P<0.05) villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the jejunal and ileal mucosae under condictions of LPS challenge. CHA supplementation decreased (P<0.05) intestinal permeability, which was indicated by the ratio of lactulose to mannitol and serum DAO activity, when compared to weaned rats with LPS challenge. Immunohistochemical analysis of tight junction proteins revealed that ZO-1 and occludin protein abundances in the jejunum and colon were increased (P<0.05) by CHA supplementation. Additionally, results of immunoblot analysis revealed that the amount of occludin in the colon was also increased (P<0.05) in CHA-supplemented rats. In conclusion, CHA decreases intestinal permeability and increases intestinal expression of tight junction proteins in weaned rats challenged with LPS.
Highlights
The intestinal barrier plays a major role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, which is a highly dynamic interface between external foods/microbes and internal environment of the body
Intestinal permeability can be commonly assessed by many indices, such as diamine oxidase (DAO) activity [28], D-lactic acid concentration [29], or the ratio of concentration of lactulose vs mannitol in urine [30]
The activity of DAO in serum increases when the epithelium is injured and, DAO activity in serum can reflect the changes in intestinal-mucosa integrity and barrier function [32]
Summary
The intestinal barrier plays a major role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, which is a highly dynamic interface between external foods/microbes and internal environment of the body. It is composed of the apical cell membrane and intercellular tight junctions of enterocytes [1]. Many factors can affect mucosal barrier function, including food, weaning stress, infection, microorganism and inflammation [4,5]. Weaning stress can result in damage of internal integrity in animals, which include intestinal disorders and immunocompetence, intestinal barrier disturbances, villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia [6]. Several studies demonstrated that weaning stress induced impairment in intestinal epithelial barrier function and increased disease susceptibility [7,8]
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