Impact of Herbal Extracts in Biocontroling of Four Human Pathogenic Bacteria-an in-vitro Study

Abstract

Plants are among the most prominent resources of herbal remedies. The principal advantages of herbal plants in a number of diseases are usually their safeness over antibiotics. The existing research was aimed to examine the antibacterial action associated with crude concentrate of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Syzygium aromaticum (Clove), and Azadirachta indica (Neem) against four human pathogenic bacteria spp. collected from IMTECH. The crude extract of three plants was prepared by pulverizing dried plant material followed by ethanolic extraction in 500 mL of ethyl alcohol. Antimicrobial action of crude extract was analysed by applying agar well diffusion approach against S. aureus MTCC 96, B. subtilis MTCC 441, L. casei MTCC 1423, and E. coli MTCC 1302 In-vitro. MIC and MBC as also determined in present study by applying varios concentration of plant extract against pathogenic bacteria. The extract of Tulsi, Clove, and Neem showed antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive S. aureus MTCC 96, B. subtilis MTCC 441, L. casei MTCC 1423 and Gram-negative E. coli MTCC 1302. Clove extract recorded with the maximum antibacterial activity towards all pathogens during well diffusion (13-17 mm zone of inhibition), minimum inhibitory concentration (7. 5%w/v-15%w/v), and minimum bactericidal concentration (7. 5%w/v-15%w/v) assays. Tulsi and Neem extracts even shown a remarkable area of growth inhibition (10-13mm and 9-11mm, respectively), minimal inhibitory concentration (15%w/v-30%w/v) and minimal bactericidal concentration (7. 5%w/v-20%w/v). Almost all three extracts was furthermore analyzed for their efficiency as antiseptic by means of minimum contact time parameter. It was fond that clove extract required minimum time to exert the antiseptic effect on selected pathogens (1 min at 20%w/v concentration) while other two chosen extracts showed antiseptic effect at 15% and 20%w/v concentration with minimal contact time 1 min. At last, It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of tulsi, clove and neem is effectively potent as natural antiseptics against human pathogens.