Abstract
The successful optimization of a maintenance schedule, which represents one of the most important operational measures for the reduction of fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emission, relies on accurate prediction of the impact of cleaning on the ship performance. The impact of cleaning can be considered through the impact of biofouling on ship performance, which is defined with delivered power and propeller rotation rate. In this study, the impact of hard fouling on the ship performance is investigated for three ship types, keeping in mind that ship performance can significantly vary amongst different ship types. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are carried out for several fouling conditions by employing the roughness function for hard fouling into the wall function of CFD solver. Firstly, the verification study is performed, and the numerical uncertainty is quantified. The validation study is performed for smooth surface condition and, thereafter, the impact of hard fouling on resistance, open water and propulsion characteristics is assessed. The differences in the impact of biofouling on the ship performance are noticed amongst different ship forms. They are mainly influenced by the portion of viscous resistance in the total resistance, relative roughness, roughness Reynolds number and advance coefficient for the self-propulsion point.
Highlights
Recognized as an efficient mode of transport that has steadily enhanced safety, as well as environmental performance, over the past few decades, the maritime transport industry is transforming
The impact of hard fouling on the ship performance is investigated for three ship types, keeping in mind that ship performance can significantly vary amongst different ship types
The presence of biofouling on ship hull and propeller is causing an increase in roughness, which leads to an increase in ship resistance and if the ship speed is kept constant, an increase in the fuel consumption [5]
Summary
Recognized as an efficient mode of transport that has steadily enhanced safety, as well as environmental performance, over the past few decades, the maritime transport industry is transforming. There have been an increasing number of studies using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach based on the implementation of certain ∆U+ model within the wall function [17,18,19,20] This approach can calculate uτ for each discretized cell and, in that way, can obtain the distribution of uτ values along the investigated surface. The fouling effects on the other resistance components can be investigated, as well as the impact of biofouling on the open water and propulsion characteristics This approach for the assessment of the impact of hull roughness on the ship’s total resistance has been recently validated within [21]. The obtained results show the impact of hard fouling on the resistance and propulsion characteristics amongst different ship types, as well as on the increase in delivered power and propeller rotation rate
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