Abstract
Considering that the ship hydrodynamic behaviours differ by the ship types and dimensions, the effect of biofouling on ship resistance can also vary with different ships. In this study, Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) based towed ship models were developed to simulate the roughness effect of biofouling on ship resistance. A container ship (KCS) and a tanker (KVLCC2), representing slender and a full hull forms, were modelled with various scale factors and speeds. The CFD simulations were conducted with several fouling conditions by embedding the roughness function of barnacles into the wall-function of the CFD model (i.e. modified wall-function approach). The fouling effects on the resistance components, form factors, wake fractions and the flow characteristics were investigated from the simulations. Significant differences were observed varying with the hull types, lengths (scales) and speeds of the ships and it was concluded that these differences are dominated by two parameters; relative roughness height and the roughness Reynolds number.
Highlights
It is well established that the power and fuel consumption of a ship increases with the hull roughness
Concluding remarks In the study presented here, Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) based Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation models of two different types of hulls and sizes were developed to investigate the effect of the ship type and scales on the resistances of these ships in the presence of fouling
The CFD simulations were performed using the benchmark ship hulls of a container ship (KCS) and a tanker (KVLCC2)
Summary
It is well established that the power and fuel consumption of a ship increases with the hull roughness. The most critical one is that, in this method, the frictional resistance of the rough hull is assumed to be equal to that of an equivalent length flat plate, and the three-dimensional (3D) effects are discarded This method cannot predict the roughness effect on other ship resistance components which are closely related to the 3D hull shapes. It is well established that the form factors of ships change by scales (Garcıá -Gomez, 2000; Min and Kang, 2010; Van et al, 2011; Dogrul et al, 2020) In this context, it is worth investigating the roughness effect on the ship hydrodynamic characteristics of different ships with variations of the scales and speeds. The effect of biofouling on ship resistance components, form factor and flow characteristics around the hulls were investigated
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