Impact of gender on outcome of adult cardiac surgery

Abstract

Background: Objective of the study was to identify differences in preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative parameters between female and male cardiac surgical patients. Methods: This is a prospective observational analysis of adult cardiac surgical patients presenting for cardiac surgery at Queen Alia Heart Institute in the period between September 2023 and January 2024. Patients’ demographics, type of surgery (cardiac pathology), comorbidities, and perioperative, parameters were recorded and analysed. Males and females were compared according to their age at time of surgery, operative time, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, hospitalisation time and mortality. Male and female patients undergoing coronary surgery were compared. Results: Data from 166 adult cardiac surgical patients was analysed. They constituted 135 males and 31 females. Male to female ratio was 4.4:1. When considering all types of cardiac surgery, female patients had longer duration of hospitalisation (13.1 days) than males (11.5 days). Moreover, mortality was higher in the female subpopulation (12.9%) than the male subpopulation (8.1%). Only 14% of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients were females and they had higher in-hospital mortality (20%) versus 7.4% in males. Conclusions: Female patients present for CABG less commonly than males and at more advanced age. Mortality rates are higher in females and hospitalisation time is longer.