Abstract
Abstract Increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) are likely to affect the trophic relationships that exist between plants, their herbivores, and the herbivores’ natural enemies. We examined interactions across three trophic levels, a transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner cotton, an aphid herbivore (Aphis gossypii Glover), and a coccinellid predator (Leis axyridis Pallas) as affected by elevated CO2 concentrations. Experimental CO2 levels included ambient and 2× and 3× ambient CO2 levels. Plant height, biomass, leaf area, and carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratios were significantly higher in plants exposed to elevated CO2 levels compared with that in plants exposed to ambient CO2. More dry matter and fat content and less soluble protein were found in A. gossypii in elevated CO2 treatments. Cotton aphid fecundity significantly increased with increased CO2 concentrations. The aphid fecundity significantly increased through successive generations reared on plants grown under elevated CO2, suggesting ...
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