大豆主要株型和产量指标对大气CO2和温度升高的响应

Abstract

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 大豆主要株型和产量指标对大气CO2和温度升高的响应 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201411122240 作者: 作者单位: 南京农业大学,南京农业大学,南京农业大学,南京农业大学,南京农业大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(31272051,31101491,31470454) Morphological traits and yield of soybean under elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature Author: Affiliation: Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing Agricultural University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:针对当前气候变暖和大气CO2浓度升高同步发生现实,以高光效大豆品种黑农41(HN41)和3个常规对照品种周豆16号(ZD16)、中豆35号(ZD35)和桂黄豆2号(GHD2)为研究对象,通过开顶式气室模拟高CO2浓度(650μL/L)和温度升高(±0.5-0.6℃)研究了大气CO2和温度升高对大豆的生长发育与产量影响。结果表明,CO2浓度升高对株高、茎粗、单株干重和单株籽粒重影响极显著;温度、CO2与品种互作极显著地影响单株籽粒重。CO2浓度升高有增加大豆株高、茎粗、干重和单株籽粒重的趋势,且高温下CO2浓度升高对株高和茎粗的促进作用更大,而正常温度水平下高CO2浓度升高更有利于干物质积累。与对照CO2浓度比,高CO2浓度显著促进了高温下HN41、ZD16和GHD2的株高,并显著提高了正常温度下HN41、ZD16、ZD35和GHD2的单株干重。与正常温度相比,高温仅显著提高了高CO2处理下HN41的茎粗,并显著提高了对照CO2处理下HN41的单株籽粒重。此外,同一CO2浓度和温度处理下,高光效大豆HN41的茎粗、根冠比和单株籽粒重等都显著高于ZD16、ZD35和GHD2;而仅在正常温度与高CO2浓度处理下HN41的单株干重显著高于ZD16和GHD2。CO2浓度和温度升高显著影响了高光效大豆的生长,其中,高温下CO2浓度升高有利于其生长势,正常温度下CO2浓度升高有利于其光合产物积累。 Abstract:Increasing levels of atmospheric CO2 and temperature are the two most important factors of global climate change. As two key environmental factors for plant growth, the changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature can affect photosynthetic productivity of crop plants. Moreover, used as a raw material in plant photosynthesis, increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration will have a direct positive impact on photosynthesis and a series of physiological and biochemical process in plants and finally on crop yield. The atmospheric CO2 level is increasing sharply with the expanding scope of human economic activities, which raises Earth surface temperature, eventually leading to global warming. In general, the photosynthetic rate is not saturated in most crop species under ambient CO2 level (about 375 μL/L); hence, the increasing atmospheric CO2 level can enhance the photosynthetic rate in most crop plants. Howerver, the effect of climate change on photosynthesis, and physiological and biochemical processes is much more complex and unknown in most crops, especially in cultivars with high photosynthetic efficiency under the assumption of concomitant global warming and atmospheric CO2 concentration increase. In this study, soybean cultivar HN41 with high photosynthetic efficiency ( ≥ 17.64 μmol [CO2] m-2s-1) and three varieties ZD16, ZD35, and GHD2 with normal photosynthetic efficiency (10.75-15.48 μmol [CO2] m-2s-1) were selected to study morphological traits and yield of soybean under elevated levels of CO2 (650 μL/L vs. ambient CO2) and temperature (± 0.5-0.6℃ vs. ambient temperature). The results indicated that CO2 levels significantly affected plant height and stem diameter, as well as dry weight and seed weight per plant. Temperature levels and the interaction between CO2 concentration and soybean cultivars significantly affected seed weight per plant. Relative to ambient CO2 concentration, elevated levels of CO2 promoted plant height, stem diameter, and dry weight and seed weight per plant, particularly under higher temperature. Moreover, elevated CO2 significantly increased plant height in HN41, ZD16, and GHD2 at high temperature (18.9%, 24.4%, and 31.5%, respectively) and significantly enhanced dry weight per plant in HN41, ZD16, ZD35, and GHD2 at ambient temperature (7.3%, 4.7%, 16.0%, and 18.8%, respectively), in contrast to ambient CO2 levels. Compared with ambient temperature, higher temperature significantly increased only the stem diameter of HN41 under elevated CO2 levels and significantly enhanced the grain weight per plant in HN41 under ambient CO2 levels. In addition, stem diameter, root/shoot ratio, and grain weight per plant in HN41 were significantly greater than those in normal cultivars (ZD16, ZD35, and GHD2) under the same conditions of atmospheric CO2 levels and temperature, whereas dry biomass per plant in HN41 was significantly increased compared with that in ZD16 and GHD2. In conclusion, increase of both atmospheric CO2 levels and temperature significantly affected plant growth of the highly photosynthesis-efficient soybean. Elevated CO2 concentration can promote plant growth particularly at high temperature, whereas elevated CO2 favors accumulation of photosynthetic products at ambient temperature especially for the highly photosynthesis-efficient soybean. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献