Abstract
The elevated fluoride from drinking water impacts on T3, T4 and TSH hormones. The aim was study impacts of drinking water fluoride on T3, T4 and TSH hormones inYGA (Yazd Greater Area). In this case- control study 198 cases and 213 controls were selected. Fluoride was determined by the SPADNS Colorimetric Method. T3, T4 and TSH hormones tested in the Yazd central laboratory by RIA (Radio Immuno Assay) method. The average amount of TSH and T3 hormones based on the levels of fluoride in two concentration levels 0–0.29 and 0.3–0.5 (mg/L) was statistically significant (P = 0.001 for controls and P = 0.001 for cases). In multivariate regression logistic analysis, independent variable associated with Hypothyroidism were: gender (odds ratio: 2.5, CI 95%: 1.6–3.9), family history of thyroid disease (odds ratio: 2.7, CI 95%: 1.6–4.6), exercise (odds ratio: 5.34, CI 95%: 3.2–9), Diabetes (odds ratio: 3.7, CI 95%: 1.7–8), Hypertension (odds ratio: 3.2, CI 95%: 1.3–8.2), water consumption (odds ratio: 4, CI 95%: 1.2–14). It was found that fluoride has impacts on TSH, T3 hormones even in the standard concentration of less than 0.5 mg/L. Application of standard household water purification devices was recommended for hypothyroidism.
Highlights
IntroductionThe aim was study impacts of drinking water fluoride on T3, T4 and TSH hormones inYGA (Yazd Greater Area)
The elevated fluoride from drinking water impacts on T3, T4 and TSH hormones
The spline GIS model was used to evaluate the distribution of fluoride levels in the drinking water samples from Yazd Greater Area (YGA)
Summary
The aim was study impacts of drinking water fluoride on T3, T4 and TSH hormones inYGA (Yazd Greater Area). The effects of high fluoride ingestion through drinking water, green tea, and ambient air pollution on thyroid hormones (T3, T4, TH, and TSH) were investigated in both humans and animals. It is beneficial to conduct this study in Iran The purpose of this case-control study was to determine the correlation between thyroid hormones and the presence of fluoride in drinking water in YGA. This area was chosen because the wells in this area have water with different fluoride concentrations. The selection of cases and controls from the same region with similar diets, race, and gender, as well as climatic and geographical change, is possible
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