Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of biochar on the diversity of bacteria and fungi in the rice root zone and to reveal the changes in soil microbial community structure in the root zone after biochar application to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of albic soil. Rice and corn stalk biochar were mixed with albic soil in a pot experiment. Soil samples were collected at the rice maturity stage, soil nutrients were determined, and genomic DNA was extracted. The library was established using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. The abundance, diversity index, and community structure of the soil bacterial 16SrRNA gene V3 + V4 region and the fungal internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS1) region were analyzed using Illumina second-generation high-throughput sequencing technology on the MiSeq platform with related bioinformatics. The results revealed that the biochar increased the soil nutrient content of albic soil. The bacteria ACE indexes of treatments of rice straw biochar (SD) and corn straw biochar (SY) were increased by 3.10% and 2.06%, respectively, and the fungi ACE and Chao indices of SD were increased by 7.86% and 14.16%, respectively, compared to conventional control treatment with no biochar (SBCK). The numbers of bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units (OUT) in SD and SY were increased, respectively, compared to that of SBCK. The relationship between soil bacteria and fungi in the biochar-treated groups was stronger than that in the SBCK. The bacterial and fungal populations were correlated with soil nutrients, which suggested that the impacts of biochar on the soil bacteria and fungi community were indirectly driven by alternation of soil nutrient characteristics. The addition of two types of biochar altered the soil microbial community structure and the effect of rice straw biochar treatment on SD was more pronounced. This study aimed to provide a reference and basic understanding for albic soil improvement by biochar, with good application prospects.
Highlights
As shown was positively correlated with Chloroflexi and distributed in the fourth quadrant, while in Figure 8, the RDA results in this study revealed that pH, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and pH was positively correlated with Acidobacteria and Armatimonadetes and distributed in AK all exerted a significant influence on soil bacteria and fungi and exhibited a significant the second quadrant
The results showed that the composition of soil bacterial and fungal communities was closely related to soil nutrient properties, such as soil pH, AN, AP, and AK, suggesting that the effect of biochar on soil community structure might be indirectly driven by the change in soil properties
The results of this study revealed that the biochar increased the soil nutrient content of albic soil, and biochar addition increased soil bacteria and fungi abundance and altered community structure
Summary
Albic soil is a low-yielding soil that possesses obstacles and exists widely throughout the world. There are 32 countries or regions throughout the world that exhibit similar distributions of albic soil, and the total area of albic soil in China is approximately. Due to the severe problems caused by dense physical structure, poor nutrient content, and low biological activity, albic soil has been characterized as a lowyielding soil [1,2]. It is of great strategic significance to improve low-yielding albic soil to ensure food security
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