Abstract
Hybrid AC/HVDC (AC-HVDC) grids have evolved to become huge cyber-physical systems that are vulnerable to cyber attacks because of the wide attack surface and increasing dependence on intelligent electronic devices, computing resources and communication networks. This paper, for the first time, studies the impact of cyber attacks on HVDC transmission oscillation damping control.Three kinds of cyber attack models are considered: timing attack, replay attack and false data injection attack. Followed by a brief introduction of the HVDC model and conventional oscillation damping control method, the design of three attack models is described in the paper. These attacks are tested on a modified IEEE New England 39-Bus AC-HVDC system. Simulation results have shown that all three kinds of attacks are capable of driving the AC-HVDC system into large oscillations or even unstable conditions.
Highlights
We studied the impact of cyber attacks on High voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission-based oscillation damping control
The contribution of this paper comes from two aspects: (1) it is the first time the cyber-security issue has been studied for HVDC damping controls; (2) we have proven that all three major cyber attack models are capable of driving an AC-HVDC system into unstable conditions if attackers have careful attack plans and necessary knowledge of the power system
To generate a replay attack, the frequency measurements at the HVDC remote terminal were recorded in advance during a severe transient event and replayed during normal operations to the damping controller
Summary
High voltage direct-current (HVDC) power transmission systems are becoming popular in modern electric grids, which are faced with increasing power demands and already strained AC transmission lines [1]. HVDC is able to deliver renewable generation to the main grid more efficiently and transfer bulk power between unsynchronized AC transmission systems. It can be used for additional services other than bulk power transfers, such as damping power system inter-area oscillation [2]. The security and stability of AC-HVDC transmissions against cyber-attacks are essential to modern electric power systems
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