Abstract
The impact of climate factors on the epidemiology of diseases in general and leishmaniasis in particular continues to be a subject of research and analysis. Changes in climatic parameters contribute to the creation of ecological conditions favorable to the multiplication of the vectors of certain diseases. With this in mind, this study presents an entomological survey conducted in Meknes prefecture and the study of the link between the abundance of sandflies, an indicator of the risk of leishmaniasis in a given area, and the climatic factors. Monthly trapping of this fauna was carried out during a year from March 2016 until April 2017 using adhesive traps. Climatic data from the region were used to determine the effect of climate on the distribution of sandflies. A total of 941 leishmaniasis vector specimens were captured. The dominant species is Ph. sergenti (73.32), followed by Ph. longicuspis (8.25%), then Ph. perniciosus (7.94%) and Ph. papatasi (6.31%). The sex ratio study showed that males are more abundant than females for all species. The seasonal fluctuation is bimodal with two peaks, the first in July and the second in September. The results show a positive correlation between temperature and abundance of sandflies (r = 0.99) and a negative correlation with humidity and precipitation with a correlation coefficient of r = −0.87 and r = −0.72. Indeed, the medium-term climatological forecasts are essential tools to develop a warning system for leishmaniasis.
Highlights
Sandflies are the only vectors of leishmaniasis that are common diseases between animals and humans and caused by parasites Leishmania protozoa [1, 2]. e impact of climatic factors on the spread of vector-borne diseases including leishmaniasis is a particular concern. e incidence of infectious diseases like leishmaniasis will tend to increase in warmer climatic conditions
In order to determine the effect of climate on the dynamics of the vectors of leishmaniasis, a study of the seasonal fluctuation of the phlebotomian population and its relationship with climatic factors was carried out from April 2016 to March 2017, in the prefecture of Meknes in the center of Morocco
In the prefecture of Meknes, two types of leishmaniasis coexist: visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis that might have propagated from Taounate to the foci of Meknes and SidiKacem via Fez, with stray dogs carrying the infection across hamlets and villages in their quest for food and shelter [17]
Summary
Impact of Climatic Factors on the Seasonal Fluctuation of Leishmaniasis Vectors in Central Morocco (Meknes Prefecture). Changes in climatic parameters contribute to the creation of ecological conditions favorable to the multiplication of the vectors of certain diseases With this in mind, this study presents an entomological survey conducted in Meknes prefecture and the study of the link between the abundance of sandflies, an indicator of the risk of leishmaniasis in a given area, and the climatic factors. This study presents an entomological survey conducted in Meknes prefecture and the study of the link between the abundance of sandflies, an indicator of the risk of leishmaniasis in a given area, and the climatic factors Trapping of this fauna was carried out during a year from March 2016 until April 2017 using adhesive traps. The medium-term climatological forecasts are essential tools to develop a warning system for leishmaniasis
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