Abstract
The influence of circuit intake power on Spectral Energy Efficiency (S.E.E) of massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) under the existence of channel estimation errors is examined using Zero-Forcing (ZF) linear pre-coding scheme. The system model which includes new defined total intake power involving the transmit power of amplifiers and the circuit power intake of the analog devices is developed. To analyze the impact of circuit intake power on S.E.E, the S.E.E with and without circuit intake power is investigated and presented after formulating a closed-form expression of S.E.E that incorporates new defined power model. Our investigation reveals that, the impact of circuit intake power is very significant when Base Station (BS) is arrayed with large number of antennas. Using the new S.E.E closed-form formula, derived from our new defined power intake model, the S.E.E is evaluated when the number of BS antennas (M) rises and it is observed that, S.E.E behaves like a concave function. The same results for S.E.E are also observed when transmit power increases. We conclude that, it is easy to get maximum S.E.E using a small number of BS antennas and optimal transmit power, when circuit power intake is included in the power consumption model. When transmit power totally dominates the circuit intake power, the maximum S.E.E is obtained only when all antennas are used (meaning maximum S.E.E is obtained when the number of BS antennas becomes very large). The numerical results reveal the importance of circuit intake power on optimizing S.E.E of massive MIMO under the presence of channel estimation errors.
Highlights
Relying on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) related technologies well developed, the spectral efficiency (S.E) gets solidly promoted to meet the incredible growth requirement of wireless data traffic
In this work, we evaluated the impact of circuit power intake on the spectral energy efficiency of massive MIMO in the existence of estimated channel errors with Zero-forcing linear pre-coder being the pre-coding scheme used during evaluation
Based on the new refined total power intake model which comprises of transmit power of the amplifiers and circuit intake power from various analog devices, we formulate closed-form expression for spectral energy efficiency which helps us to evaluate the impact brought by circuit intake power on S.E.E
Summary
Relying on multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) related technologies well developed, the spectral efficiency (S.E) gets solidly promoted to meet the incredible growth requirement of wireless data traffic. The effect of power allocation on maximizing E.E was clearly studied [24] under perfect Channel State Information (CSI) In their analysis, the authors didn’t consider the impact brought by circuit intake power on maximizing E.E. The optimal precoding for optimization of S.E.E under power constraints for massive MIMO in the uplink transmission was studied clearly in [15], [25]. The number of BS antennas, downlink transmit power and the circuit intake power needs to be comprehensively considered so as to attain an optimized S.E.E. Many articles researched the trade-off between S.E.E and S.E but most of them based on perfect CSI. The authors in [41], found a way to optimize E.E-S.E tradeoff under perfect CSI by minimizing the total power consumption and maximizing the channel capacity Their theoretical analyses were purely based on ideal assumptions.
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