Abstract
Background: The necessity for high-speed data services rises every time in speedy improvement of smart equipment with their uses in wireless network communications, so for the sake of encountering this necessity, massive multiple-inputsmultiple-output has been suggested to increase the spectral efficiency. However, upon increasing spectral efficiency, there is still the Energy Efficiency (E.E) problem. Objectives: In this study, downlink transmit power analysis for massive MultipleInput-Multiple-Output (MIMO) with linear pre-coding schemes under imperfect Channel State Information (CSI) using Time-Division-Duplex (TDD) mode has been carried out to find out which linear pre-coder is energy efficient compared to the other in the presence of estimation channel error which defines the reliability of the channel. Methodology: Derivation of the closed-form expression for transmit power of both pre-coding schemes from achievable sum rates, followed by Monte Carlo simulations and analysis using MATLAB under imperfect CSI have been carried out. Findings: In the presence of channel estimation error (ζ), our theoretical analysis were found to be in agreement with the simulated results. Furthermore, it was found that, if the ratio of the number of base station antenna (M) to the number of users (K) is large for whatever value of channel estimation error and at constant achievable-sum-rate, the zero-forcing (ZF) precoding scheme gave better results, i.e. uses low amount of transmit power compared to Maximum-Ratio-Transmit (MRT) linear pre-coder and when the ratio M K is low then MRT gives better results than ZF. Applications/Improvements: The results obtained from this evaluation will lay a foundation or will be used as a framework for suggesting which linear precoding scheme to use according to the number of users (K) required to be served by Base Station (BS) antennas in the presence of ζ. Keywords: Channel Estimation Error, Downlink Transmits Power, Imperfect Channel State Information (CSI), Linear Precoding, Massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO), Maximum Ratio Transmit (MRT), Time-Division-Duplex (TDD), Zero-Forcing (ZF)
Highlights
In recent years, substantial technological advancements have arisen and have been used to increase the capacity and performance of wireless network communications
We carry out Monte Carlo simulation to verify the theoretical analysis using MATLAB by varying different parameters to analyze the effect brought by channel estimation errors in the transmit power of Massive MIMO with linear precoding techniques of ZF and MRT under imperfect Channel State Information (CSI)
Increasing the number of serving Base Station (BS) antenna results in a very good results of transmit power in comparison to few antennas for instance, as the ratio of M K escalates, Pd tends to decrease in comparison with low ratio of M K so as M antennas rises, the transmit power have a tendency to drop gradually, but the relationship with estimation error is not affected as when the estimation error increases the power increases
Summary
Substantial technological advancements have arisen and have been used to increase the capacity and performance of wireless network communications. If we wish to encounter the rigorous needs of future generation wireless technology and further than 4G networks, new or improved features have to be established to combat the anticipated substantial increase in mobile data traffic. Objectives: In this study, downlink transmit power analysis for massive MultipleInput-Multiple-Output (MIMO) with linear pre-coding schemes under imperfect Channel State Information (CSI) using Time-Division-Duplex (TDD) mode has been carried out to find out which linear pre-coder is energy efficient compared to the other in the presence of estimation channel error which defines the reliability of the channel. Applications/Improvements: The results obtained from this evaluation will lay a foundation or will be used as a framework for suggesting which linear precoding scheme to use according to the number of users (K) required to be served by Base Station (BS) antennas in the presence of ζ
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