Abstract
BackgroundThe ongoing pandemic of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has created a global emergency. Despite the infection causes a mild illness to most people, some patients are severely affected, demanding an urgent need to better understand how to risk-stratify infected subjects.DesignThis is a meta-analysis of observational studies evaluating cardiovascular (CV) complications in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and the impact of cardiovascular risk factors (RF) or comorbidities on mortality.MethodsData sources: PubMed, Scopus, and ISI from 1 December 2019 through 11 June 2020; references of eligible studies; scientific session abstracts; cardiology web sites. We selected studies reporting clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The main outcome was death. Secondary outcomes were cardiovascular symptoms and cardiovascular events developed during the COVID-19-related hospitalization. Extracted data were recorded in excel worksheets and analysed using statistical software (MedCalc, OpenMetanalyst, R). We used the proportion with 95% CI as the summary measure. A Freeman-Tukey transformation was used to calculate the weighted summary proportion under the random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by using the Cochran Q test and I2 values.ResultsAmong 77317 hospitalized patients from 21 studies, 12.86% had cardiovascular comorbidities or RF. Cardiovascular complications were registered in 14.09% of cases during hospitalization. At meta-regression analysis, pre-existing cardiovascular comorbidities or RF were significantly associated to cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients (p = 0.019). Pre-existing cardiovascular comorbidities or RF (p<0.001), older age (p<0.001), and the development of cardiovascular complications during the hospitalization (p = 0.038) had a significant interaction with death.ConclusionsCardiovascular complications are frequent among COVID-19 patients, and might contribute to adverse clinical events and mortality, together with pre-existing cardiovascular comorbidities and RF. Clinicians worldwide should be aware of this association, to identifying patients at higher risk.
Highlights
Since December 2019 a new epidemic outbreak has emerged from China, creating an alert worldwide (1)
At meta-regression analysis, pre-existing cardiovascular comorbidities or risk factors (RF) were significantly associated to cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients (p = 0.019)
Cardiovascular complications are frequent among COVID-19 patients, and might contribute to adverse clinical events and mortality, together with pre-existing cardiovascular comorbidities and RF
Summary
Since December 2019 a new epidemic outbreak has emerged from China, creating an alert worldwide (1). For most people the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused mild illness, it can generate severe pneumonia in some patient, and it can be fatal in others [2,3,4, 6,7,8,9]. Older people, and those with pre-existing medical conditions (such as cardiovascular disease, chronic respiratory disease or diabetes) are at risk for severe disease. Editor: Elisabetta Ricottini, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, ITALY
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