Abstract
BackgroundThis study was conducted to elucidate the anti-doping (AD) education, doping control experience, and AD knowledge according to the World Anti-doping Code (Code) of Japanese university athletes.MethodsWe collected data from 514 male athletes (Mage = 19.53 years, SD = 1.13) and 629 female athletes (Mage = 20.99 years, SD = 1.07). We asked them about their experience undergoing doping control and the AD education they had received. Then, we assessed their AD knowledge using the World Anti-Doping Agency’s Athlete Learning Program about Health and AD (ALPHA) test.ResultsThe results showed that 2.54% of the participants had undergone doping control. Further, 30.10% received AD education at least once, and 20.82% received AD education more than once. When comparing the ALPHA scores of athletes with/without doping test experience, we observed no significant difference. However, the ALPHA scores of athletes with/without AD education were significantly different; specifically, athletes who received AD education more than once had significantly higher ALPHA scores than non-educated athletes.ConclusionThese results revealed that doping control experience was not related to AD knowledge and that AD education was associated with AD knowledge, suggesting that athletes who receive AD education more than once have more accurate AD knowledge than less educated athletes on this topic. The importance of AD education in promoting understanding of AD according to the Code in sports is highlighted in this study.
Highlights
This study was conducted to elucidate the anti-doping (AD) education, doping control experience, and AD knowledge according to the World Anti-doping World anti-doping code (Code) (Code) of Japanese university athletes
We focus on the level of AD knowledge in university athletes who are considering the global problems within the field of sports but may have more limited exposure to AD information
AD knowledge among Japanese university athletes Overall, university athletes had a low rate of correct answers on the Athlete Learning Program about Health and AD (ALPHA) test, especially considering that all athletes must be familiar with the principles of Code 2015 and AD basic principles during athletic competitions
Summary
This study was conducted to elucidate the anti-doping (AD) education, doping control experience, and AD knowledge according to the World Anti-doping Code (Code) of Japanese university athletes. To realize an understanding about doping as a part of the rules of sport, AD education procedures should be implemented with all athletes. Henning [2] proposed an AD approach based on health promotion in amateur-level sports. Such an approach relies on providing general AD education. As Morente-Sánchez and colleagues [1] noted, the contents of existing questionnaires are insufficient when investigating AD knowledge. It seems there is a lack of available qualitative and quantitative measurements to encompass all of the AD rules similar in manner to the World Anti-doping Code (Code)
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