Impact of adenotonsillectomy on growth trajectories in preschool children with mild-moderate obstructive sleep apnea.

Abstract

Adenotonsillectomy (AT) forms part of first-line management for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea. In nonrandomized studies of preschool-aged children, postoperative weight gain has been seen following AT, raising concerns regarding later obesity. Using longitudinal data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial, we assessed the impact of AT on growth trajectories in preschool-aged children with mild-moderate obstructive sleep apnea. A total of 190 children (aged 3-5 years) with obstructive apnea-hypopnea index ≤ 10 events/h were randomly assigned to early (within 2 months) or routine (12-month wait) AT. Anthropometry and polysomnography were performed at baseline, 12-month, and 24-month time points for 126 children. Baseline characteristics were compared using a Mann-Whitney or t test for continuous variables and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Longitudinal data underwent linear mixed modeling. For body mass index (BMI) z-score there was a significant increase in the early surgery group between 0 and 12 months (0.4, 95% confidence interval 0.1-0.8) but not from 12-24 months. For the routine surgery group there was an identical significant BMI z-score increase in the first 12 months following surgery, ie, between 12- and 24-month time points (0.45, 95% confidence interval 0.1-0.8) but not from 0-12 months (preoperative time). Final BMI z-score was similar between groups. Findings for weight-for-age z-score were similar to the findings for BMI z-score. Height-for-age z-score was not significantly different between different time points or intervention groups. This study provides randomized controlled trial evidence of notable, but time-limited, increase in the BMI and weight of preschool children with mild-moderate obstructive sleep apnea in the months immediately following AT. Registry: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry; Name: POSTA Child Study (Preschool Obstructive Sleep Apnea Tonsillectomy Adenoidectomy Study); URL: https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=336273&isReview=true; Identifier: ACTRN12611000021976. Kevat A, Bernard A, Harris M-A, etal. Impact of adenotonsillectomy on growth trajectories in preschool children with mild-moderate obstructive sleep apnea. J Clin Sleep Med. 2023;19(1):55-62.