Abstract
Underground loops, which are characterized by multiple access points (APs) and an enclosed environment, present unique driving safety challenges. This study investigated the impact of AP densities on driving safety in underground loops. We conducted field tests utilizing four AP conditions (7, 9, 12, and 14 APs/km) and collected data on drivers’ operational performance and visual characteristics. To analyze the differences in driving behavior across these conditions, one-way repeated measures ANOVA was applied. Additionally, a comprehensive evaluation model based on matter-element extension analysis was developed to evaluate the impact of AP density on driving safety. The results indicated that AP density significantly affects acceleration variations and eye movement characteristics. As the density of APs increased, drivers demonstrated improved speed control and enhanced driving stability. However, this also resulted in a wider visual search range, increased visual recognition difficulty, and a higher mental workload. The comprehensive evaluation revealed that under 7 APs/km conditions, the overall evaluation grade was “Good,” indicating better driving safety. In contrast, the 14 APs/km condition received a grade of “Poor,” suggesting a higher driving risk. These findings provide guidance for transportation management agencies aiming to improve driving safety in underground loops.
Published Version
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