Immunopathological Mechanisms Observed in the Intratumoral Microenvironment and Their Relationship with Worse Prognosis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Abstract

Background: In the 21st century, the main cause of death in both sexes worldwide is cardiovascular disease, followed by neoplasms. In women, the main cause of morbidity and mortality is breast cancer. Therefore, understanding the immunological mechanisms associated breast cancer and its correlation with poor prognosis is very important. Methods: In this study, a search was done on PubMed and Google Scholar, using the following medical subject headings (MeSH) in the search engine: “triple negative breast cancer”, “breast cancer microenvironment”, “immune cells”, “prognosis”, “regulatory t reg”, “T cells” and “tumor-associated neutrophils”. Thus, a total of 81 articles were found and reviewed, published between 2002 and 2023. Results and conclusions: It is essential to understand the immunological mechanisms associated with the tumor microenvironment, to create new targeted treatment schemes for each variant of breast cancer, for example triple negative in order to reduce the mortality rate and increase disease-free survival.