Immunomodulatory Effects of Bio-Clean II on T-Helper 4 and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes in Rats Exposed to Purified Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide

Abstract

Introduction: Bio-Clean II has been previously shown to boost immunity, fight viral infection, and possesses anti-inflammatory properties by regulating the serum level of inflammatory cytokines in rats exposed to purified bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of Bio-Clean II on T-Helper 4 and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes in rats exposed to purified bacterial LPS. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 male Wistar rats weighing 150g±50g (mean±SD) were purchased and randomly assigned to six (6) groups of 6 rats each. Group 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 were induced with a single dose of 5mg/Kg of purified LPS® (E. coli 0127:B8, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA), administered through intraperitoneal route using 1ml sterile needle and syringe, except for group 4 which served as the zero control (given water and feed only throughout the experiment). Group 1 served as the inflammation control. Group 2 which served as the positive control received 50mg/Kg/bid Diclofenac +500mg/kg/bid of Ciprofloxacin. Group 3 which served as the negative control received sterile phosphate buffer saline (PBS). While rats in group 5 and group 6 were treated orally with the herbal remedy “Bio-Clean II” for 7 days and 14 days, respectively. After which, the rats were sacrificed and a cardiac blood specimen was taken from each rat by terminal bleeding from the heart. CD4 and CD8 Cell counts were evaluated using Fluorescence photomicroscopy and ELISA techniques, respectively. Results: The outcome of this investigation shows that treatment with Bio-Clean II resulted in a significant (P<0.05) increase in CD4 cell count in duration-dependent manner, 7 days (8.40±1.44 Cells/ul) and 14 days (18.40±2.66 Cells/ul), respectively, when compared to the inflammation control (4.80±1.16 Cells/ul). There was also a significant (P<0.05) decrease in CD8 cell count of the Bio-Clean II treated groups: 7 days (27.67±1.32ng/ml) and 14 days (17.44±1.00ng/ml) when compared to the inflammation control (32.93±2.52ng/ml). Conclusion: Bio-Clean Il caused significant alterations in the CD4 and CD8 counts of rats exposed to purified lipopolysaccharide. The outcome of this study, underscores the potential role of Bio-Clean Il in the treatment of bacterial inflammatory diseases, however, the molecular mechanism behind this action warrants for further investigation.