Abstract
Peptides from several plant food proteins not only maintain the nutritional values of the original protein and decrease the environmental impact of animal agriculture, but also exert biological activities with significant health-beneficial effects. Wheat is the most important food grain source in the world. However, negative attention on wheat-based products has arose due to the role of gluten in celiac disease. A controlled enzymatic hydrolysis could reduce the antigenicity of wheat gluten protein hydrolysates (WGPHs). Therefore, the aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of the in vitro administration of Alcalase-generated WGPHs on the immunological and antioxidant responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 39 healthy subjects. WGPH treatment reduced cell proliferation and the production of the Type 1 T helper (Th1) and Th17 pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17, respectively. WPGHs also improved the cellular anti-inflammatory microenvironment, increasing Th2/Th1 and Th2/Th17 balances. Additionally, WGPHs improved global antioxidant capacity, increased levels of the reduced form of glutathione and reduced nitric oxide production. These findings, not previously reported, highlight the beneficial capacity of these vegetable protein hydrolysates, which might represent an effective alternative in functional food generation.
Highlights
Imbalanced diets low in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains and high in red and processed meat are the principal risk factors implicated in the development of some diseases [1]
wheat gluten protein hydrolysates (WGPHs) produced a significant dose-dependent decline whether in PHA-induced cell proliferation compared with the control group
Previous studies have shown better solubility and obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis with Alcalase 2.4 L, a food-grade non-specific endopeptidase, on emulsification of Alcalase 2.4 L-hydrolyzed wheat protein compared with other proteases such human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors
Summary
Imbalanced diets low in fruits, vegetables, nuts, and whole grains and high in red and processed meat are the principal risk factors implicated in the development of some diseases [1]. The hydrolysis process generates peptides that maintain the nutritional values of the original protein, but can give rise to bioactive peptides with remarkable beneficial health effects [13,14]. In this way, a large body of evidence supports biological activities mediated by animal or vegetable hydrolysates, including immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anticancer, or antibacterial functions [15,16]. A large body of evidence supports biological activities mediated by animal or vegetable hydrolysates, including immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anticancer, or antibacterial functions [15,16] Most of these data come from experimental approaches based on cell-free systems or immortalized cell lines [15]
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