Abstract
The current study is focused on the biosynthesis of nutmeg oil/ polyurethane/ZnONPs bionanocomposite film for immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities. The fabricated film was prepared by using naturally extracted nutmeg oil functionalized with ZnONPs in the presence of polyutherane (PU) medium. The bionanocomposite film was obtained by incorporating dropwise 10 % (w/v) of nutmeg oil to the PU solution/ZnONPs blend. The active constituents of nutmeg oil were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The morphological characteristics of the resulting bionanocomposite film were confirmed using various microscopic and spectroscopic methods. Immunomodulatory potential of bionanocomposite was evaluated for RAW 264.7 macrophages. The results exhibited an excellent reduction in inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, and TNFα) secretions after the treatment with bionanocomposite. The bionanocomposite exerted the highest inhibitory effects on certain cell signaling constituents that influence the initiation of expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The bionanocomposite was also tested for DPPH and ABTS free radicals scavenging assays and showed excellent antioxidant potential with IC50 values (0.28 ± 0.22 and 0.49 ± 0.36), respectively. The outcomes suggested promising immunomodulatory and antioxidant potentials for the biogenic synthesized nutmeg oil/PU/ZnONPs polymeric bionanocomposite.
Highlights
The results showed that only LPS and bionanocomposite elevated the phagocytic ability potentially (p < 0.05), whereas zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) could significantly promote the production of nitric oxide (p < 0.01) (Figure 11a,b)
The synthesis involves the utilization of nutmeg oil, PU, and ZnONPs prepared from the aqueous extract of nutmeg seeds
The pre-synthesized bionanocomposite film was examined for immunomodulatory and antioxidant potentials
Summary
Nanoparticles have been extensively studied over the last decade due to their unique features such as optical, electrical, magnetic, mechanical, thermal, catalytic, dielectric, and biological properties [1]. They are considered as the main building blocks of the generation technology with tremendous applications in various industrial and biomedical sectors [2]. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are gaining much attention due to their distinctive electronic, optical, and magnetic characteristics [3]. The oxides of transition metals are crucial semiconductors that showed useful properties in electronics, solar energy transformation, gas sensors, magnetic storage media, and catalysis [4,5,6]
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