Abstract
The present study is concerned with the fabrication of the bifunctional Plectranthus cylindraceus oil/TiO2/polyethylene glycol polymeric film for antibacterial and anticancer activities. The suggested film is based on the utility of naturally extracted P. cylindraceus oil in the formation of the polymeric bionanocomposite film decorated with TiO2 nanoparticles. The bionanocomposite film was fabricated by incorporating 15 w% of P. cylindraceus oil with 10 w% polyethylene glycol and 5 w% TiO2 nanoparticles. The active components of P. cylindraceus oil were verified using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The surface morphology of the resulted bionanocomposite film was characterized by various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The antibacterial potential of the fabricated bionanocomposite film was investigated against four pathogenic strains. The obtained results revealed excellent sensitivity against the bacterial strains, particularly E. coli and S. aureus, with minimum inhibitory concentration 320 µg mL−1 and minimum bactericidal concentration 640 and 1280 µg mL−1 for E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Polymeric bionanocomposite exerted significant cytotoxicity against human lung carcinoma cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 value of 42.7 ± 0.25 μg mL−1. Safety assessment test against peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) demonstrated that the bionanocomposite is nontoxic in nature. Bionanocomposite also showed potent photocatalytic effects. Overall, the results concluded that the bionanocomposite has expressed scope for multifaceted biomedical applications.
Highlights
Nanocomposites provide attractive and cost-effective thin layers with superior features for biomedical and microelectronic applications
Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the formed nanoparticles and their bionanocomposites were recorded using PerkinElmer FT-IR spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer Ltd., Yokohama, Japan). e morphologies of TiO2 NPs and the polymeric P. cylindraceus oil/TiO2/Polyethylene glycol (PEG) bionanocomposite were measured by scanning electron microscope (JEM-2100F, JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo, Japan) and JEM-1400 transmission electron microscope (JEOL Ltd., Akishima, Tokyo, Japan)
Preparation of the Polymeric P. cylindraceus Oil/TiO2/ PEG Bionanocomposite. e fabrication of an ultrafine plain film of PEG polymer and P. cylindraceus oil was performed by mixing 10% of PEG dissolved in 5 mL acetone with 5–15% of P. cylindraceus oil under magnetic stirring for 12 h at ambient temperature until the formation of the homogeneous composite. e obtained plain P. cylindraceus oil/PEG composite was decorated with TiO2 NPs by mixing 5 w% of P. cylindraceus oil and 5 w% TiO2 NPs suspended in the polymeric mixture and subjected to vigorous shaking for 6 h at room temperature. e polymeric P. cylindraceus oil/ TiO2/PEG bionanocomposite film was obtained and kept aside for further investigation (Scheme 1(b))
Summary
Nanocomposites provide attractive and cost-effective thin layers with superior features for biomedical and microelectronic applications. E biodegradable polymers in combination with noble metal nanoparticles offer bionanocomposites with exceptional biomedical and environmental applications [1,2,3]. Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications several natural polymeric resources such as starch, cellulose, chitosan, polylactic acid, and essential oil derivatives [8,9,10,11,12,13]. E introduction of new functionalities by surface coating of PEG on different nanoparticles, proteins, and substrates enhances the biocompatibility of the host materials. E antifouling property of PEG and PEGconjugated proteins can lower the external immune response, increase blood circulation time, and enhance the proteolytic, mechanical, and thermal stability [19]. Surfaces coated with PEG are well described for their antifouling ability to restrict protein adsorption, microbial attachment, and cell adhesion [18]. e antifouling property of PEG and PEGconjugated proteins can lower the external immune response, increase blood circulation time, and enhance the proteolytic, mechanical, and thermal stability [19]. e performances of the sustainable resources-derived polymers are further improved by the addition of different conventional nanofillers, including calcium carbonate, clays, talc, kaolin, fumed silica glass fibers carbon nanotubes, noble metal, and metal oxides [20, 21]. e resultant biocomposite unites the benefits of low-dimensional layers with a vast surface area of nanoparticles, leading to diverse useful applications in the biomedical science and the manufacturing industry
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