Abstract
Raise the body's immune system. Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn.) is known to have anthocyanin compounds that have antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects. The aim of this research is to know the effect of immunomodulator yogurt which fortified by rosella ( Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extract to increase the secretion of Reactive Oxygen Intermediate (ROI) and Nitric Oxide (NO). This research was conducted in vivo using 25 male mices with Balb/C strain divided into 5 groups: normal group, plain yogurt treated group and 2%, 4%, 8% rosella yogurt treated group. Treatment was given for 21 days orally. On the 22nd day the mice were sacrificed by taking peritoneum macrophage cells and then tested the secretion of Reactive Oxygen Intermediate (ROI) and Nitrite Oxide (NO). The results showed that there was an increase of ROI and NO secretion in 2%, 4%, and 8% rosella yoghurt treated groups compare to plain yoghurt. The fortification of yoghurt with rosella extract and honey increase the potency of yoghurt in increasing the immunomodulatory activity
Highlights
Immune system is the mechanism used by the body to maintain integrity in danger that can be caused by the environment
Macrophage is an effector in the immune system that acts as pathogen or germ that will damage the system in the body (Abbas, et al, 2017), either directly through intracellular phagocytosis or indirectly by releasing Nitric Oxide (NO), Reactive oxygen Intermediate (ROI) and cytokines (Baratawidjaya, 2006)
Immunomodulators are pharmacological agents that can modulate a partial immune response that is spurred by an immune response and on the other hand it inhibit some of the other immune systems (Akrom, et al, 2015)
Summary
Immune system is the mechanism used by the body to maintain integrity in danger that can be caused by the environment. Macrophage is an effector in the immune system that acts as pathogen or germ that will damage the system in the body (Abbas, et al, 2017), either directly through intracellular phagocytosis or indirectly by releasing Nitric Oxide (NO), Reactive oxygen Intermediate (ROI) and cytokines (Baratawidjaya, 2006). Immunity can be increased by administering immunomodulators. Yogurt is a product which is reported to have immunomodulatory activity. Previous studies reported that prebiotic treatment containing innate L. casei stimulated the immune response, with an increase in the specific markers of CD-206 and TLR-2 cells (Galdeano and Perdigo, 2006). TLR-2 is one of the receptors which recognize bacteria and will activate the innate immunity (Hikmah and Dewanti, 2011; Uematsu and Akira, 2008)
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