Abstract
Cancer is a worldwide issue and one of the most relevant death causes in child and adults. There are several causes that can lead to cancer development. It is well known that inflammation is one known hallmark of cancer and it favors tumor cells growth. Several alterations in immunological and inflammatory processes are caused in response to tumor presence and both innate and adaptive immunity have effective mechanism to destroy tumor cells. Nevertheless, distinct tumor types developed mechanisms to evade anti-tumor immunological responses. Here, we revise researches regarding inflammation and immune response during cancer development, as well as cancer signaling pathways and immunotherapy that have been performed in Brazil. The better understanding of the mechanisms regarding cancer and immunological processes is of huge importance and it may support the development of new cancer targets.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONCancer (17.24 new cases per 100,000 women) and cervical cancer (15.33 new cases per 100,000 women)
Cancer is considered a worldwide health issue
We revise researches regarding inflammation and immune response during cancer development, as well as cancer signaling pathways and immunotherapy that have been performed in Brazil
Summary
Cancer (17.24 new cases per 100,000 women) and cervical cancer (15.33 new cases per 100,000 women). Population of 199,000,000 and WHO estimates a death rate by malignant neoplasm of 125 per 100,000. Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy (56.09 new cases per 100,000 women), followed by colon. The seven hallmarks of cancer includes cancer-related inflammation, enable the replicative immortal, resist to cell death, sustain a proliferative signaling, evade growth suppressors, induction of angiogenesis and activate invasion and metastasis. It is known that chronic inflammation is associated with increased risk of cancer development and an inflammatory microenvironment. This article aims to review new insights related to inflammation and cancer, as well as the importance of immune system response and cellular signaling during tumor development and immune therapies focusing in research of Brazilian laboratories, a developing country
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