Immunological evaluation of the crevicular fluid in patients with gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis: a 1-year cross-sectional study

Juliana Barbosa De Faria,Denise Bertulucci Rocha Rodrigues,Eleonora De Paula Amaral,Thaís Soares Farnesi De Assunção,Virmondes Rodrigues Júnior,Sanivia Aparecida De Lima Pereira,Taíssa Cássia De Souza Furtado,Fabiane Minin Andrade,Bárbara Bellocchio Bertoldo,Douglas Reis Abdalla

doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i13.20756

Abstract

Objective: To assess the levels of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-32 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) in patients with gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis before and one year after implant installation. Material and Methods: Forty-nine samples of GCF and PICF were collected from March 2018 to March 2019. The patients were classified: patients with gingivitis (n=7), patients with periodontitis (n=14), patients with peri-implantitis (n=4) and healthy patients (n=24). The crevicular fluid from the 49 patients was collected before implant installation (n=8) and one year after implant placement (n=8). The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to evaluate the levels of cytokines in crevicular fluid. Results: Patients with gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis showed higher concentrations of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-32 when compared with control group. In general, the levels of IL-12 and IL-15 increased when compared to the moments before and after implant installation. There was also an increase in the concentration of IL-18 in the control group volunteers after implant installation. Conclusion: The results and methodology of this study showed that there was no difference in the synthesis of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-32 in healthy individuals or in those with periodontal injuries. However, there was an increase in the cytokines IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 one year after implant installation, which would be increasing the inflammatory activity in peri-implantitis.

Highlights

Periodontal diseases are inflammatory processes that start in the gingiva as a response to bacterial antigens that accumulate on the dental plaque throughout the gingival margin
The concentration of cytokine dosages between control voluntaries and those affected by gingivitis, periodontitis, and peri-implantitis can be seen in table 1
We evaluated the patients one year after they had an implant placed, since the functional load can collaborate for marginal bone loss around the implants.41According to the literature consulted, this is the first study that simultaneously compared the levels of IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and IL-32 in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with gingivitis and periodontitis, in addition to the peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) in peri-implantitis, using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method

Summary

Introduction

Periodontal diseases are inflammatory processes that start in the gingiva as a response to bacterial antigens that accumulate on the dental plaque throughout the gingival margin. The earlier manifestation of the periodontal disease is gingivitis, which is characterized by hyperemia, edema, and gingival bleeding. When gingivitis is not treated early, it can evolve into a periodontitis, which is characterized by the loss of the insertion of the periodontal tissue that gives support and protection to the dental element. The periodontitis affects deeper structures, causing the resorption of the collagen fibers of the periodontal ligament, the resorption of the alveolar bone, abscesses, increase of the gingival sulcus depth, greater tooth mobility, and loss of the dental element (Zhang et al, 2020)

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion