Abstract
Objective: Evidence shows that the host’s immune system interacts with tumor development and may be responsible for delaying tumor growth or even for its progression. Chronic inflammation has been identified as a key factor in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. The objective of this study is to carry out a comprehensive review of immunological aspects of ovarian cancer. Mechanism: A search of the following keywords was conducted in the PubMed database: “ovarian cancer”, “prognostic factors”, “immunotherapy”, “immune system”. The articles identified were published between 1992 and 2021. Findings in brief: A total of 75 articles were selected for further examination. Conclusions: The understanding of tumor immune escape mechanisms will improve immunotherapy treatments. This will allow personalization or treatment not only in accordance with the biology of the tumor, but also with the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, expanding the benefit of immunotherapy and providing more effective responses.
Highlights
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women and the third most common cancer worldwide, after breast and cervical cancer
Prognostic factors defined by correlation with survival generally reflect the extent of the disease, the intrinsic biology of the tumor, and the patient’s ability to tolerate treatment of the disease
An escape mechanism that favors the maintenance of ovarian cancer is the triggering of an imbalance in T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 2 (Th2) responses, with an increase in the latter that results in impairment of the processes that control homeostasis in the tumor microenvironment [35]
Summary
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common cancer in women and the third most common cancer worldwide, after breast and cervical cancer. It is the fifth most frequent cause of death among gynecological malignancies [1]. Current studies are aiming to identify new biomarkers with potential for ovarian cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction, as well as new therapeutic targets. This comprehensive review examines immunological aspects of ovarian malignancy, summarizing the main findings from the literature
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