IMMUNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ORAL FLUID IN PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS

Abstract

The objective of this study is to conduct an immunological analysis of oral fluid, specifically focusing on determining the interleukin status among patients with generalized periodontitis and underlying metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods. For immunological studies, 3 groups were formed: main group, comparative and control groups. The main group included 30 individuals with generalized periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, the comparison group included 30 people with generalized periodontitis without somatic pathology; 20 healthy individuals with intact periodontium made up the control group. The content of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, TGF-β1 in the oral fluid of the subjects of the examination groups was determined by the method of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using reagents of the company "Simko" (Ukraine).
 Results. According to average values obtained, the highest levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) were found in individuals with periodontal pathology and metabolic syndrome. The value of the IL-1β content in the oral fluid of the main group was 1.1 times higher than the similar indicator of the comparison group, and 1.4 times higher than the indicator of the control group. The mean IL-6 content in the oral fluid of patients with metabolic syndrome was 1.3 times higher compared to individuals without the systemic disease. Interestingly, the disparity was more pronounced in healthy individuals, with IL-6 levels differing by 2 times.
 Conclusion. Patients with metabolic syndrome and periodontal pathology have significant disturbances in cytokine regulation. Cytokines are key factors in the formation of a local inflammatory reaction, therefore, an increase in the concentration of pro-inflammatory IL-1 β can be considered an immune response to the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues.