Immunohematology Red Cell Serology Testing Reference Laboratory

Abstract

Immunohematology reference laboratory (IRL) is defined as a fully equipped advanced laboratory that receives samples from various parts of the country for workup. This is a specialized center, where other centers experiencing difficulty in resolving immunohematological tests, refer samples for further workup and resolution. To complete the workup process, ABO RhD typing, antibody screening, identification (ID), antigen phenotyping, and direct antiglobulin tests are performed. In our retrospective observational study 528 cases, worked up from October 2019 to March 2022 were included. The prevalence of alloimmunization found in this evaluation was 68.1%. Among the different alloantibodies, anti-D was most common followed by anti-E and anti-M. In our study, most of the autoantibodies were of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) class (79.31%). Out of the 528 samples, ABO discrepancy was found in 48 samples (9%). Of these, none belonged to Group I or Group III discrepancy types. Group II discrepancies were noted in 28 cases (58.3%) and Group IV discrepancies were found in 20 cases (41.6%). Our study clearly indicates that there is an important role of IRL which is not only limited to ID of alloantibodies or resolution of ABO discrepancies but also supports all the hospitals and transfusion centers in the region by providing phenotype-matched or compatible units and advice for safe transfusion practices.