Abstract
Probiotics are becoming more and more common means of combating intestinal diseases of various origins: infectious pathologies, chronic inflammation, autoimmune disorders. The complex action, coupled with low side effects, makes probiotics promising drugs, especially in veterinary medicine, with an increasing trend towards the inefficient use of antibiotics in the livestock industry. One of the main mechanisms of probiotics action - modulation of host immunity - is perhaps the most difficult and, at the same time, the most actively studied since it is crucial for therapy. Immunobiotics (probiotics that modulate the host's immune response) interact with various innate and adaptive immune cells, changing the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. This action is provided by both the cellular components of probiotic microorganisms and their metabolites and is primarily associated with the host's immunocompetent cells' pattern-recognition receptors, although other molecular mechanisms also exist. This review aims to briefly describe both the molecular mechanisms of immunomodulation by probiotics and the prospects for their use in veterinary medicine.
Highlights
Probiotics are defined as microorganisms that are beneficial to the host if taken in adequate amounts [1]
Some of the most common genera of microorganisms used as probiotics are Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium [3]
Immunobiotics can have a systemic effect on the state of the intestinal immune system
Summary
Probiotics are defined as microorganisms that are beneficial to the host if taken in adequate amounts [1]. They are used to treat various diseases, such as autoimmune and infectious mucosal pathologies, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) [2]. Probiotics capable of modulating the immune response in the host's body are called immunobiotics [6]. This is primarily due to the complex structure of eukaryotic immunity and the sophisticated mechanisms of its self-regulation. We will touch on the prospects for the use of probiotics in veterinary medicine
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