Abstract
BackgroundThe effects of high-intensity immunity on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain unclear. Antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are preferentially induced in inpatients with COVID-19 compared with outpatients with milder disease, and immunosuppression is the standard therapy for severe cases. This study investigated the relationship between cross-reactive antibody production against seasonal human coronavirus and the clinical course of COVID-19.MethodsAmong the immunogenic epitopes of SARS-CoV-2, conserved peptides in human coronavirus OC43 were searched and synthesized. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was designed to detect antibodies against synthesized peptides. Antibody titres against S2ʹ cleavage site epitopes near fusion peptides of SARS-CoV-2 and OC43 were determined in the sera of 126 inpatients with COVID-19. The correlation between antibody titres and clinical data was analysed.ResultsInpatients with COVID-19 who produced antibodies against OC43 did not develop severe or fatal pneumonia. Antibody titres against the corresponding epitope of SARS-CoV-2 did not differ between inpatients with severe and mild COVID-19. Antibody titres against the OC43 epitope increased more than those against SARS-CoV-2 during the first 2 weeks of COVID-19.ConclusionsImmunity to seasonal human coronavirus OC43 effectively enhanced recovery from COVID-19. Detecting cross-reactive antibodies to OC43 may help to predict prognosis for patients with COVID-19.
Highlights
An important characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is its variations
Antibody titres against S2ʹ cleavage site epitopes near fusion peptides of SARS-CoV-2 and OC43 were determined in the sera of 126 inpatients with COVID-19
Detecting cross-reactive antibodies to OC43 may help to predict prognosis for patients with COVID-19
Summary
An important characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is its variations. Memory T and B lymphocytes against seasonal HCoVs can be reactivated by SARS-CoV-2 infection, producing cross-reactive antibodies (Grifoni et al, 2020; Le Bert et al, 2020; Mateus et al, 2020; Secchi et al, 2020; Shrock et al, 2020). The difference in immunological memory against seasonal HCoVs is one possible explanation for the variations in COVID-19. The effects of high-intensity immunity on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain unclear. Antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are preferentially induced in inpatients with COVID-19 compared with outpatients with milder disease, and immunosuppression is the standard therapy for severe cases. This study investigated the relationship between crossreactive antibody production against seasonal human coronavirus and the clinical course of COVID-19
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