Immune response of sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax to Tenacibaculum maritimum antigens

Abstract

Seawater fishes are affected by a pathology commonly called ‘myxobacteriosis’, caused by Tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly Flexibacter maritimus). The disease is characterized by fin erosion and necrotic ulcers of skin and muscle, and by low but constant mortality in cultured marine fish; in Italy is one of the most important and widely spread diseases affecting sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax, gilthead seabream Sparus aurata, sharp-snouted bream Diplodus puntazzo, white bream Diplodus sargus, and six-tooted bream Dentex dentex. In order to obtain an effective vaccine against the disease, formalin killed cells (FKC), extracellular products (ECPs) and crude lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparations were obtained from the T. maritimum strain SPVId and injected intraperi-toneally twice into the sea bass. The fish immune response to the preparations was studied: agglutinating antibody titer and in vitro phagocytosis were determined after the first and second injection in order to evaluate whether the preparations are immunogenic or not and if the booster effect took place. The results show that FKC and LPS preparations increased the antibody titer after the first injection when compared to the control sea bass. Moreover, all the preparations stimulated a secondary (booster) response. In vitro phagocytosis of the total blood was significantly higher for all the preparations when compared to the controls, but the crude LPS immunized sea bass showed the highest activity.